Sheep farmers are being warned to take the growing threat of bluetongue seriously, as industry leaders urge producers not to be complacent amid a rapid rise in cases.
The National Sheep Association (NSA) has renewed its call for urgent action in response to the spread of bluetongue virus serotype three (BTV-3), a midge-borne disease that affects livestock.
Phil Stocker, chief executive of the NSA, said: "This will inevitably lead to a conversation about vaccination as this is the only proven way of protecting stock on the farm and protecting the wider industry as we approach a time when movements of breeding stock and store lambs will be increasing.
"The number of reported cases shot up last week to over 590, from just 115 the previous week.
"The majority are being seen in the south west of England – clearly a serious hot spot for this midge borne virus."
The dramatic increase in cases has led to growing demand for vaccines.
Mr Stocker said: "Calls on stocks of vaccines are increasing and stocks will be reducing but we are assured that vaccine manufacturers are doing what they can to ensure demand can be met."
Some farmers have questioned the value of vaccinating at this stage of the outbreak, given that it takes 28 days for animals to develop full immunity.
However, Mr Stocker encouraged urgent action.
He said: "A level of protection is likely to be reached earlier, particularly if stock were vaccinated last season.
"Additionally, we have several months of midge activity ahead of us and it is highly advisable that breeding males and females are vaccinated ahead of mating.
"I could also see a situation where farmers bringing in new stock will want to understand their vaccination status and I’d encourage sellers of breeders to consider the benefits of pre-sale vaccination."
The NSA emphasised that good vaccination practices are essential, not only for animal health but to prevent accidental transmission of the virus during treatment.
Michael Priestley, NSA policy manager, said: "We urge livestock keepers to follow good practice when treating and vaccinating animals at risk, to minimise onward transmission in your flock.
"The Sheep Veterinary Society has noted that the virus can be transmitted via used needles, so please do take care when vaccinating your stock."
The NSA is also encouraging farmers to keep detailed records of cases, including severity, mortality, and recovery rates.
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